Harriet Brooks was a Canadian physicist and Ernest Rutherford's first graduate student. She discovered the 'recoil of the radioactive atom' and Rutherford described her “as apt as Curie”. However, we will never know as she was fired for getting married. #STEMlegends #WomenInSTEM pic.twitter.com/k6IU6olE8A

— RAS Women in STEM (@RAS_Women) July 31, 2018

Marjorie Lee Browne was an American mathematician from Tennessee. She was one of the first black American women to receive a PhD in mathematics, graduating from @UMich in 1949, the same year as Evelyn Boyd Granville. She then worked at @NCCU. #STEMlegends #WomenInSTEM pic.twitter.com/cjSa62J3yJ

— RAS Women in STEM (@RAS_Women) July 30, 2018

Mileva Marić was a Serbian mathematician who studied alongside Albert Einstein at @ETH. She was Einstein’s first wife and mother of his children, married to him between 1903 and 1919. She may have contributed to his 1905 papers on special relativity. #STEMlegends #WomenInSTEM pic.twitter.com/a4puudWDD9

— RAS Women in STEM (@RAS_Women) July 29, 2018

Edith Anne Stoney was an Irish medical physicist and mathematician. She earned a degree from @Cambridge_Uni in 1893 but was not awarded one, as they did not award degrees to women at the time. She later gained degrees from @tcddublin. #STEMlegends #WomenInSTEM pic.twitter.com/XLAKg8gGxh

— RAS Women in STEM (@RAS_Women) July 28, 2018

Ethel Shakespear was a British geologist from Bedfordshire. She graduated from @Cambridge_Uni and @unibirmingham, where she worked with Gertrude Elles. She was appointed a justice of the peace in 1922, and specialising in cases involving children. #STEMlegends #WomenInSTEM pic.twitter.com/wBY1q2UroV

— RAS Women in STEM (@RAS_Women) July 27, 2018

Annie Russell Maunder was a British astronomer. She earned her degree at the @Cambridge_Uni in 1889 - graduating as the top mathematician in her college - although she did not receive it because the University did not give degrees to women at the time. #STEMlegends #WomenInSTEM pic.twitter.com/9zAOhDqO7W

— RAS Women in STEM (@RAS_Women) July 26, 2018

Maunder began working as a 'computer' for @ROGAstronomers in 1891, where she worked on observations of the Sun. It was there that she met Walter Maunder, who she married in 1895. Annie Maunder lost her job due to the marriage, but continued to work in an unofficial capacity.

— RAS Women in STEM (@RAS_Women) July 26, 2018

The Maunder's showed a direct correlation between the number of sunspots and the climate of the Earth. They showed that the Maunder Minimum - a period between about 1645 and 1715 when sunspots became exceedingly rare - resulted in what's now known as the 'Little Ice Age'.

— RAS Women in STEM (@RAS_Women) July 26, 2018

Maunder travelled to India to photograph the Sun's outer solar corona in 1898, and was elected to @RoyalAstroSoc in 1916. #STEMlegends #WomenInSTEM

— RAS Women in STEM (@RAS_Women) July 26, 2018

Georgia Caldwell Smith was an American mathematician and one of the first black American women to gain a degree in mathematics. She became head of the Department of Mathematics at @SpelmanCollege and was awarded her PhD posthumously in 1961.#STEMlegends #WomenInSTEM #BlackAndSTEM pic.twitter.com/SosVHK9Efl

— RAS Women in STEM (@RAS_Women) July 25, 2018

Isabelle Stone was an American physicist from Chicago. She attended @Vassar, @Columbia and @UChicago, where she became the first woman to be awarded a PhD in physics in the US in 1897. Stone was also one of the founders of @APSphysics. #STEMlegends #WomenInSTEM pic.twitter.com/ddEyaRLW1I

— RAS Women in STEM (@RAS_Women) July 24, 2018

Marie Skłodowska Curie was a Polish physicist. She began her PhD at University of Paris in 1895, having been denied a place at @JagiellonskiUni, which would not accept women at the time. She married Pierre in 1895 and gave birth to Irène in 1897. #STEMlegends #WomenInSTEM pic.twitter.com/W1vaICOK8r

— RAS Women in STEM (@RAS_Women) July 23, 2018

X-rays were discovered in 1895, and Curie’s PhD supervisor, Antoine Henri Becquerel, discovered that uranium salts emit similar rays in 1896. Curie showed that they might be coming from inside the uranium atoms, challenging the idea that atoms are indivisible. #WomenInSTEM

— RAS Women in STEM (@RAS_Women) July 23, 2018

Curie discovered that thorium is radioactive in April 1898, unaware that chemist Gerhard Schmidt had made the same discovery two years before. That year, Pierre stopped his own research and begun working on Curie's project. #STEMlegends #WomenInSTEM

— RAS Women in STEM (@RAS_Women) July 23, 2018

By July 1898, they had discovered polonium, named for Poland. By December, they had discovered radium, named for the amount of radiation it produced, where radium is the Latin word for 'ray'. The Curies coined the term 'radioactivity' during this time. #WomenInSTEM

— RAS Women in STEM (@RAS_Women) July 23, 2018

Curie gained her PhD in June 1903, becoming the first woman in France to be awarded a PhD. That month, Pierre was invited to give a speech on radioactivity at @Ri_Science since she was a woman, Curie was merely asked to attend. #WomenInSTEM

— RAS Women in STEM (@RAS_Women) July 23, 2018

In December 1903, Curie became the first woman to win the Nobel Prize in Physics, which she shared with Becquerel and Pierre, for their research into radiation. Only one other women has won the Nobel Prize in Physics, Maria Goeppert Mayer in 1963. #WomenInSTEM

— RAS Women in STEM (@RAS_Women) July 23, 2018

The Nobel Prize Committee had not originally wanted to include Curie, but one member, Magnus Gösta Mittag-Leffler, told Pierre about this. Pierre complained and the rest of the Committee gave in. The Curies used the Prize money to hire a lab assistant. #WomenInSTEM

— RAS Women in STEM (@RAS_Women) July 23, 2018

Curie gave birth to Ève in 1904, and Pierre died in a road accident in 1906. That year, Curie became the first female professor at the University of Paris. In 1909, she became head of the Curie Pavilion. It was here that Curie first isolated radium, and defined the 'Curie'.

— RAS Women in STEM (@RAS_Women) July 23, 2018

Curie became the first woman to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry and the first person to win two Nobel Prizes, in 1911. Three other women have since won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry: Irène Joliot-Curie, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin, and Ada Yonath. #WomenInSTEM

— RAS Women in STEM (@RAS_Women) July 23, 2018

Curie is still one of only 2 people to have won 2 Nobel Prizes in different fields, the other being Linus Pauling. During WWI, Curie became Director of the Red Cross Radiology Service, assisted by Irène Curie. This consisted of mobile field hospitals equipped with X-ray equipment

— RAS Women in STEM (@RAS_Women) July 23, 2018

After the WWI, Curie returned to the Radium Institute, which became one of the four most successful radioactivity research laboratories in the world. Curie died in 1934, due to the effects of her long-term exposure to radiation. #WomenInSTEM

— RAS Women in STEM (@RAS_Women) July 23, 2018

Curie wrote a number of books, and won numerous awards and medals. The Curies have an element named after them, curium, and three minerals: curite, sklodowskite, and cuprosklodowskite. Curie also has many institutions, an asteroid, and a crater on the Moon named after her.

— RAS Women in STEM (@RAS_Women) July 23, 2018

Vera Yevstafievna Popova was a Russian chemist and author. She worked at the Russian Academy of Sciences, and gained a doctorate in chemistry at @UNIGEnews in 1892. She died at the age of 28 as the result of an explosion in her laboratory. #STEMlegends #WomenInSTEM pic.twitter.com/84oE7LwgZX

— RAS Women in STEM (@RAS_Women) July 22, 2018

Mary Golda Ross was an American engineer and the only Native American engineer at @LockheedMartin during the Space Race. She was hired in 1942, and worked on flyby missions to Venus and Mars and engineering systems for manned space flights. #STEMlegends #WomenInSTEM pic.twitter.com/9eFP6fFeqE

— RAS Women in STEM (@RAS_Women) July 21, 2018

Miriam Daniel Mann was an American mathematician from Georgia, and one of many black women who worked as a ‘computer’ for NASA. She graduated from @TalladegaColleg and began working for NACA (later NASA) in 1943, later working on John Glenn's vessel. #STEMlegends #WomenInSTEM pic.twitter.com/gFFH6bMZM6

— RAS Women in STEM (@RAS_Women) July 20, 2018

Sallie Duffield Proctor-Smyth was born in American in 1856 and lived in America and London. She was associated with a project to establish an observatory in California and was one of the first women to be elected a Fellow of @RoyalAstroSoc in 1916. #STEMlegends #WomenInSTEM pic.twitter.com/mrQGNzHO2V

— RAS Women in STEM (@RAS_Women) July 19, 2018

Caroline “Lili” Bleeker was a Dutch physicist and engineer, who designed and the manufactured optical instruments. During WWII Bleeker and her partner Gerard Willemse, had to go into hiding as they hid Jewish employees from German Officers. #STEMlegends #WomenInSTEM pic.twitter.com/fGWPeFUn4R

— RAS Women in STEM (@RAS_Women) July 18, 2018

Gertrude Longbottom was a British astronomer from Lincolnshire. She was one of the first eleven women elected a Fellow of @RoyalAstroSoc in 1916. #STEMlegends #WomenInSTEM pic.twitter.com/nk9g7Kl2Yz

— RAS Women in STEM (@RAS_Women) July 17, 2018

Antonia Maury was an American astronomer who studied at @Vassar under Maria Mitchell. She worked as a ‘computer’ at Harvard College Observatory, publishing a catalogue of spectra in 1897. This lead to the first discovery of a spectroscopic binary orbit. #STEMlegends #WomenInSTEM pic.twitter.com/lcENRoaVXm

— RAS Women in STEM (@RAS_Women) July 16, 2018

Angie Turner King was an American chemist and mathematician. She gained her BSc in 1927 from @WVStateU and her PhD in 1955 from @PittTweet. She taught at a number of institutions, her students included Margaret Strickland Collins and Katherine Johnson. #STEMlegends #WomenInSTEM pic.twitter.com/JtdP178SYD

— RAS Women in STEM (@RAS_Women) July 15, 2018

Margrete Heiberg Bose was an Argentine physicist born in Denmark in 1865. She was the first women to gain an MSc at the @uni_copenhagen and helped devise the first experimental physics courses in Argentina. #STEMlegends #WomenInSTEM pic.twitter.com/cvvfajXwgu

— RAS Women in STEM (@RAS_Women) July 14, 2018

Francisca Herschel was born in Kent, UK in 1846. She was the granddaughter of William Herschel and her great aunt was Caroline Herschel. She cared for the Herschel papers and instruments with her family, and became a Fellow of @RoyalAstroSoc in 1916. #STEMlegends #WomenInSTEM pic.twitter.com/lTooEVV1tS

— RAS Women in STEM (@RAS_Women) July 13, 2018

Sada Orihara was a Japanese scientist. She became the first female student at @tokyotech_en after passing the entrance exam in 1913. She was one of three women to do so, and this triggered protests across the country. She became an assistant professor. #STEMlegends #WomenInSTEM pic.twitter.com/GaW5AX7BhE

— RAS Women in STEM (@RAS_Women) July 12, 2018

Maria Gordon was a geologist, palaeontologist, and politician from Scotland. She was the first women to gain a science PhD at @UoLondon and @LMU_Muenchen in 1893. She also campaigned for the rights of women and children. #STEMlegends #WomenInSTEM pic.twitter.com/EIsheJAHqf

— RAS Women in STEM (@RAS_Women) July 11, 2018

Mary Proctor was an American astronomy populariser. She wrote for newspapers and journals, as well as books and articles for children. Proctor was elected a member of @aaas in 1898. She was also one of the first eleven women to be elected a Fellow of @RoyalAstroSoc in 1916. pic.twitter.com/eXHNp9yXkT

— RAS Women in STEM (@RAS_Women) July 10, 2018

Zonia Baber was an American geographer, geologist, and teacher. She is known for reforming geography education, emphasising fieldwork, experimentation, and mathematical geography. She wrote numerous textbooks and articles, and her teaching methods are still used today. pic.twitter.com/9n7lro5AeD

— RAS Women in STEM (@RAS_Women) July 9, 2018

Baber co-founded the @geosocietyofchi in 1898 and served as President from 1900-1904. She became head of geography and geology in the Department of Education at @UChicago in 1901, where she was also principal of @uchicagolab. #STEMlegends #WomenInSTEM pic.twitter.com/Y3xJhzvxCS

— RAS Women in STEM (@RAS_Women) July 9, 2018

Baber served on the executive committee of @NAACP, she was chair of the Race Relations Committee of the Chicago Women's Club, and represented the women of Puerto Rico on the drafting of a bill for extending suffrage to the women of Porto Rica. #STEMlegends #WomenInSTEM

— RAS Women in STEM (@RAS_Women) July 9, 2018

Baber was also chairwoman of The Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, @WILPF, an international NGO. She used her position to modernise textbooks, replacing out-dated terminology, particularly with regard to sexism, racism, and intolerance. #STEMlegends

— RAS Women in STEM (@RAS_Women) July 9, 2018

Ruth Ella Moore was an American bacteriologist. She became the first black American woman to gain a natural science PhD in 1933, while at @OhioState. She taught at @TSUedu, was a Professor at @HowardU, and a member of @PublicHealth and @ASMicrobiology. #STEMlegends #WomenInSTEM pic.twitter.com/wJj53GWO5r

— RAS Women in STEM (@RAS_Women) July 8, 2018

Florence Bascom was an American geologist and the second woman to earn a PhD in geology in the US. She did this in 1893 at @JohnsHopkins, where she was forced to sit behind a screen so she did not distract the men in the class. She also worked for @USGS. #STEMlegends #WomenInSTEM pic.twitter.com/J1xmvldew3

— RAS Women in STEM (@RAS_Women) July 7, 2018

Mary Poonen Lukose was an Indian doctor. She graduated from University of Madras in 1909 and became the first woman appointed Surgeon General in India, and possibly the world, in 1938, in charge of over 90 medical facilities including 32 hospitals. #STEMlegends #WomenInSTEM pic.twitter.com/Ohb2qRz1lD

— RAS Women in STEM (@RAS_Women) July 6, 2018

Frances Hardcastle was a British mathematician and one of the founding members of @amermathsoc in 1894. She may have been one of the first known LGBT+ women in STEM, as she was described as ‘the lifelong companion’ of Dr Ethel Williams. #STEMlegends #WomenInSTEM #LGBTSTEMDay pic.twitter.com/DdhyO2b2nu

— RAS Women in STEM (@RAS_Women) July 5, 2018

Agnes Pockels was a German chemist and pioneer in the field of surface science. Irving Langmuir earned the Nobel Prize in chemistry for similar discoveries in 1932. That year, she was granted an honorary PhD from @tuBraunschweig. #STEMlegends #WomenInSTEM pic.twitter.com/F7vdhQlHG7

— RAS Women in STEM (@RAS_Women) July 4, 2018

Margaret Theodora Meyer was a British mathematician. She was one of the first directors of studies in mathematics, and one of the earliest members of @LondMathSoc. She was one of the first eleven women to be elected a Fellow of @RoyalAstroSoc in 1916. #STEMlegends #WomenInSTEM pic.twitter.com/luRheHwX1Y

— RAS Women in STEM (@RAS_Women) July 3, 2018

Irene Elizabeth Toye Warner was a British astronomer and writer from Bristol. She wrote about the history of astronomy and about modern theories. She was one of the first women to become a Fellow of @RoyalAstroSoc in 1916. #STEMlegends #WomenInSTEM pic.twitter.com/0BhbYungwB

— RAS Women in STEM (@RAS_Women) July 2, 2018

Marguerite Williams was an American geologist and the first black person to be awarded a PhD in geology in the US. She completed a MSc in Geology at @Columbia in 1930, and her PhD at @CatholicUniv in 1942, becoming a professor at Miner Teachers College. #STEMlegends #WomenInSTEM pic.twitter.com/G7hYXh0c6r

— RAS Women in STEM (@RAS_Women) July 1, 2018